Kufunika kwa okosijeni wa Chemical (COD): wolamulira wosawoneka wamadzi abwino

M'malo omwe tikukhalamo, chitetezo chamadzi ndichofunika kwambiri. Komabe, ubwino wa madzi suli woonekeratu nthawi zonse, ndipo umabisa zinsinsi zambiri zomwe sitingathe kuziwona mwachindunji ndi maso athu amaliseche. Kufunika kwa okosijeni wa Chemical (COD), monga gawo lofunikira pakuwunika kwamadzi, kuli ngati wolamulira wosawoneka yemwe angatithandize kuwerengera ndikuwunika zomwe zili m'madzi owononga zachilengedwe, potero kuwulula momwe madzi alili.
Tangoganizani ngati ngalande m'khitchini yanu yatsekedwa, padzakhala fungo losasangalatsa? Fungo limenelo limapangidwadi ndi kuwira kwa zinthu zamoyo m’malo opanda okosijeni. COD imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza kuchuluka kwa okosijeni komwe kumafunika pamene zinthu zamoyozi (ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimatha okosijeni, monga nitrite, mchere wa ferrous salt, sulfide, ndi zina zotero) zatulutsidwa m'madzi. Mwachidule, mtengo wa COD ukakhala wapamwamba, m'pamenenso madzi amaipitsidwa kwambiri ndi zinthu zachilengedwe.
Kuzindikira kwa COD kuli ndi tanthauzo lofunikira kwambiri. Ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zofunika kuyeza mlingo wa kuipitsidwa kwa madzi. Ngati mtengo wa COD ndi wokwera kwambiri, zikutanthauza kuti mpweya wosungunuka m'madzi udzagwiritsidwa ntchito mochuluka. Mwa njira iyi, zamoyo za m'madzi zomwe zimafuna mpweya kuti zipulumuke (monga nsomba ndi shrimp) zidzakumana ndi vuto lopulumuka, ndipo zingayambitsenso zochitika za "madzi akufa", zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chilengedwe chonse chiwonongeke. Chifukwa chake, kuyezetsa COD pafupipafupi kuli ngati kuyeza kuchuluka kwa madzi, kuzindikira ndi kuthetsa mavuto munthawi yake.
Kodi mungazindikire bwanji mtengo wa COD wa zitsanzo za madzi? Izi zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito "zida" za akatswiri.
Njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi potaziyamu dichromate. Zikumveka zovuta, koma mfundo yake ndiyosavuta:
Gawo lokonzekera: Choyamba, tiyenera kutenga madzi enaake, kenaka onjezerani potaziyamu dichromate, “super oxidant”, ndikuwonjezera siliva sulfate ngati chothandizira kuti mumve bwino. Ngati pali ma chloride ions m'madzi, amayenera kutetezedwa ndi mercuric sulfate.
Kutentha kwa reflux: Kenako, tenthetsani zosakanizazi pamodzi ndikuzisiya kuti zigwirizane ndi kutentha kwa sulfuric acid. Njirayi ili ngati kupereka chitsanzo cha madzi "sauna", kuwulula zowonongeka.
Kusanthula kwa titration: Zomwe zachitikazo zikatha, tidzagwiritsa ntchito ammonium ferrous sulfate, "ochepetsa", kuti tichepetse potassium dichromate yotsalayo. Powerengera kuchuluka kwa zochepetsera zomwe zimadyedwa, titha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa okosijeni komwe kunagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti oxidize zoipitsa m'madzi.
Kuphatikiza pa njira ya potassium dichromate, pali njira zina monga njira ya potassium permanganate. Iwo ali ndi ubwino wawo, koma cholinga ndi chimodzimodzi, ndiko kuyeza molondola mtengo wa COD.
Pakadali pano, njira yachangu ya digestion spectrophotometry imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuzindikira COD pamsika wapakhomo. Iyi ndi njira yodziwira msanga COD yotengera njira ya potaziyamu ya dichromate, ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito mfundo za “HJ/T 399-2007 Water Quality Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand Rapid Digestion Spectrophotometry”. Kuyambira 1982, Bambo Ji Guoliang, yemwe anayambitsa Lianhua Technology, wapanga COD mofulumira digestion spectrophotometry ndi zida zogwirizana. Pambuyo pazaka zopitilira 20 za kukwezedwa ndi kutchuka, zidakhala mulingo wadziko lonse mu 2007, zomwe zidabweretsa kuzindikira kwa COD munthawi yodziwika mwachangu.
COD quick digestion spectrophotometry yopangidwa ndi Lianhua Technology imatha kupeza zotsatira zolondola za COD mkati mwa mphindi 20.
1. Tengani 2.5 ml ya chitsanzo, onjezani reagent D ndi reagent E, ndipo gwedezani bwino.
2. Kutenthetsa COD digester kufika madigiri 165, kenaka ikani chitsanzocho ndikugaya kwa mphindi khumi.
3. Nthawi ikatha, chotsani chitsanzo ndikuziziritsa kwa mphindi ziwiri.
4. Onjezerani 2.5 ml ya madzi osungunuka, gwedezani bwino ndikuziziritsa m'madzi kwa mphindi ziwiri.
5. Ikani chitsanzo muChithunzi cha CODkwa colorimetry. Palibe kuwerengera komwe kumafunikira. Zotsatira zimangowonetsedwa ndikusindikizidwa. Ndi yabwino komanso yachangu.