Kodi n’chifukwa chiyani madzi oipa okhala ndi mchere wambiri amakhala ovuta kuwakonza? Choyamba tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti madzi onyansa okhala ndi mchere wambiri ndi chiyani komanso momwe madzi otayira amchere amakhudzira pa biochemical system! Nkhaniyi imangokambirana zamankhwala am'madzi amchere amchere wambiri!
1. Kodi madzi oipa okhala ndi mchere wambiri ndi chiyani?
Madzi otayira amchere wambiri amatanthauza madzi otayidwa okhala ndi mchere wokwanira 1% (wofanana ndi 10,000mg/L). Makamaka amachokera ku zomera za mankhwala ndi kusonkhanitsa ndi kukonza mafuta ndi gasi. Madzi otayirawa amakhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana (kuphatikiza mchere, mafuta, zitsulo zolemera organic ndi zida zotulutsa ma radiation). Madzi otayira amchere amapangidwa kudzera m'magwero osiyanasiyana, ndipo kuchuluka kwa madzi kumawonjezeka chaka ndi chaka. Kuchotsa zowononga zachilengedwe m'madzi amchere amchere kumakhudza kwambiri chilengedwe. Njira zamankhwala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza. Zinthu zamchere zomwe zimakhala ndi mchere wambiri zimakhala ndi zolepheretsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Njira zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza, zomwe zimafuna ndalama zambiri komanso ndalama zambiri zogwirira ntchito, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kukwaniritsa zomwe zikuyembekezeka kuyeretsa. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zachilengedwe zochizira madzi otayira otere kukadali cholinga cha kafukufuku kunyumba ndi kunja.
Mitundu ndi mankhwala a zinthu zakuthupi m'madzi otayira amchere amchere amasiyana kwambiri malinga ndi momwe amapangira, koma mchere womwe uli ndi mchere wambiri monga Cl-, SO42-, Na+, Ca2+. Ngakhale ma ion awa ndi michere yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri polimbikitsa ma enzymatic reaction, kusunga nembanemba ndikuwongolera kuthamanga kwa osmotic pakukula kwa tizilombo. Komabe, ngati ma ion awa ali okwera kwambiri, amakhala ndi zoletsa komanso zowopsa pazamoyo. Ziwonetsero zazikuluzikulu ndizo: ndende ya mchere wambiri, kuthamanga kwa osmotic, kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuchititsa kupatukana kwa protoplasm; salting imachepetsa ntchito ya dehydrogenase; ayoni mkulu kloridi Mabakiteriya ndi poizoni; Kuchuluka kwa mchere kumakhala kochuluka, kachulukidwe ka madzi otayira kumawonjezeka, ndipo matope oyendetsedwa bwino amayandama mosavuta ndikutayika, motero zimakhudza kwambiri kuyeretsedwa kwa njira zochiritsira zamoyo.
2. Mphamvu ya salinity pamakina a biochemical
1. Zimayambitsa kutaya madzi m'thupi ndi kufa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Mchere wochuluka kwambiri, kusintha kwa kuthamanga kwa osmotic ndiko chifukwa chachikulu. Mkati mwa bakiteriya ndi malo otsekedwa pang'ono. Iyenera kusinthanitsa zinthu zopindulitsa ndi mphamvu ndi chilengedwe chakunja kuti ikhale yamoyo. Komabe, iyeneranso kuletsa zinthu zambiri zakunja kulowa kuti zisawononge biochemistry yamkati. Kusokoneza ndi kulepheretsa kuyankha.
Kuwonjezeka kwa mchere wa mchere kumapangitsa kuti njira yothetsera mabakiteriya ikhale yochepa kusiyana ndi dziko lakunja. Komanso, chifukwa cha khalidwe la madzi akuyenda kuchokera ku ndende yotsika kupita ku ndende yaikulu, madzi ambiri amatayika mu mabakiteriya, zomwe zimayambitsa kusintha kwa chilengedwe chawo chamkati cham'kati mwazomera, potsirizira pake kuwononga njira yawo yowonongeka mpaka itasokonezedwa. , mabakiteriya amafa.
2. Kusokoneza ndondomeko ya mayamwidwe a tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi kutsekereza imfa yawo
Selo nembanemba ali ndi khalidwe la kusankha permeability zosefera zinthu zoipa kwa bakiteriya moyo ntchito ndi kuyamwa zinthu zothandiza moyo wake ntchito. Izi mayamwidwe ndondomeko mwachindunji anakhudzidwa ndi njira ndende, zinthu chiyero, etc. wa kunja chilengedwe. Kuwonjezera mchere kumapangitsa kuti mayamwidwe a mabakiteriya asokonezedwe kapena kutsekedwa, ndipo pamapeto pake amachititsa kuti ntchito ya bakiteriya ikhale yoletsedwa kapena kufa. Izi zimasiyana kwambiri chifukwa cha mabakiteriya, mikhalidwe yamtundu, mitundu ya mchere komanso kuchuluka kwa mchere.
3. Poizoni ndi imfa ya tizilombo
Mchere wina umalowa mkati mwa mabakiteriya pamodzi ndi zochita zawo za moyo, kuwononga njira zomwe zimachitika mkati mwa biochemical reaction, ndipo ena amalumikizana ndi nembanemba ya bakiteriya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti katundu wawo asinthe ndikusiya kuwateteza kapena kulephera kuyamwa zina. zinthu zowononga mabakiteriya. Zinthu zothandiza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mabakiteriya atsekedwe kapena kufa. Mwa iwo, mchere wa heavy metal ndi womwe umayimilira, ndipo njira zina zotsekera zimagwiritsa ntchito mfundoyi.
Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kukhudzika kwa mchere wambiri pamankhwala am'magazi am'magazi kumawonekera makamaka muzinthu izi:
1. Pamene mchere ukuwonjezeka, kukula kwa sludge wotsegulidwa kumakhudzidwa. Kusintha kwa mayendedwe ake kukula ndi motere: nthawi yosinthika imakhala yayitali; kukula kwa nthawi ya kukula kwa logarithmic kumakhala pang'onopang'ono; ndipo nthawi ya kukula kwa deceleration imakhala yayitali.
2. Mchere umalimbitsa kupuma kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso kusungunuka kwa maselo.
3. Mchere umachepetsa kuwonongeka ndi kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe. Chepetsani kuchuluka kwa kuchotsera ndi kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe.
3. Kodi mchere wochuluka bwanji umene biochemical system ingapirire?
Malinga ndi "Water Quality Standard for Sewage Discharged into Urban Sewers" (CJ-343-2010), mukalowa m'malo oyeretsera zimbudzi kuti muchiritsidwenso, mtundu wa zimbudzi zomwe zimatayidwa mu ngalande zam'tawuni ziyenera kutsata zofunikira za Gulu B (Table). 1), pakati pa mankhwala klorini 600 mg/L, sulfate 600 mg/L.
Malinga ndi Zowonjezera 3 za "Code for Design of Outdoor Drainage" (GBJ 14-87) (GB50014-2006 ndi 2011 edis safotokoza zamchere), "Kuchulukana kovomerezeka kwa zinthu zovulaza m'madzi olowera azinthu zochiritsira zachilengedwe", Mlingo wovomerezeka wa sodium chloride ndi 4000mg/L.
Deta ya zochitika zaumisiri imasonyeza kuti pamene chloride ion ndende m'madzi onyansa ndi yaikulu kuposa 2000mg / L, ntchito ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda idzalepheretsedwa ndipo mlingo wochotsa COD udzachepetsedwa kwambiri; pamene chloride ion ndende m'madzi oipa ndi wamkulu kuposa 8000mg/L, sludge voliyumu adzawonjezedwa. Kukula, chithovu chochuluka chikuwonekera pamadzi, ndipo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timafa imodzi ndi ina.
Nthawi zonse, timakhulupirira kuti chloride ion concentration yoposa 2000mg/L ndi mchere wochepera 2% (wofanana ndi 20000mg/L) utha kuthandizidwa ndi njira ya sludge. Komabe, mcherewo ukakhala wochuluka, umakhala wautali kwambiri. Koma kumbukirani chinthu chimodzi, Zomwe zili mchere m'madzi omwe akubwera ziyenera kukhala zokhazikika ndipo sizingasinthe kwambiri, apo ayi biochemical system sangathe kupirira.
4. Njira zochizira zamchere zamchere zamchere zamchere
1. Kuweta m'nyumba za sludge
Pamene mchere uli wocheperapo 2g/L, zimbudzi zamchere zimatha kuthiridwa kudzera m'nyumba. Powonjezera pang'onopang'ono mchere wamadzi amchere am'madzi am'madzi, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda titha kuwongolera kuthamanga kwa osmotic m'maselo kapena kuteteza protoplasm m'maselo kudzera munjira zawo zowongolera kuthamanga kwa osmotic. Njira zoyendetsera izi zikuphatikizapo kudzikundikira kwa zinthu zotsika kwambiri za maselo kuti apange wosanjikiza watsopano wodzitetezera ndikudziwongolera okha. Njira za metabolic, kusintha kwa ma genetic, etc.
Chifukwa chake, matope abwinobwino amatha kuthira madzi amchere amchere wambiri mkati mwa kuchuluka kwa mchere wina kudzera pakuweta kwa nthawi yayitali. Ngakhale kuti matope opangidwa amatha kuonjezera kulolerana kwa mchere wa dongosololi komanso kupititsa patsogolo kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake kuti azitha kusintha. Pamene chilengedwe cha chloride ion chimasintha mwadzidzidzi, kusinthika kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kudzazimiririka nthawi yomweyo. Domestication ndi kanthawi chabe zokhudza thupi kusintha kwa tizilombo kuti azolowere chilengedwe ndipo alibe makhalidwe chibadwa. Kutengeka kumeneku kumawononga kwambiri kuchimbudzi.
Nthawi yowonjezereka ya sludge yomwe idalowetsedwa nthawi zambiri imakhala masiku 7-10. Acclimation akhoza kusintha kulolerana kwa sludge tizilombo kuti mchere ndende. Kuchepetsa adamulowetsa sludge ndende kumayambiriro siteji acclimation ndi chifukwa cha kuchuluka mchere njira poyizoni tizilombo ndi kuchititsa imfa ya tizilombo. Zimawonetsa kukula koyipa. M'kupita kwa nthawi yoweta, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timagwirizana ndi malo osinthika timayamba kuberekana, motero kuchuluka kwa zinyalala zomwe zimayendetsedwa kumawonjezeka. Kutenga kuchotsa kwaKODIndi adamulowetsa sludge mu 1.5% ndi 2.5% sodium kolorayidi mwachitsanzo, ndi COD kuchotsa mitengo mu magawo oyambirira ndi mochedwa acclimation magawo ndi: 60%, 80% ndi 40%, 60% motero.
2. Chepetsani madzi
Pofuna kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mchere m'dongosolo lazachilengedwe, madzi omwe akubwera amatha kuchepetsedwa kuti mcherewo ukhale wotsika kuposa malire a poizoni, ndipo chithandizo chachilengedwe sichidzalephereka. Ubwino wake ndikuti njirayo ndi yosavuta komanso yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndikuwongolera; kuipa kwake ndi kuti kumawonjezera processing sikelo, zomangamanga ndalama ndi ntchito ndalama. .
3. Sankhani mabakiteriya olekerera mchere
Mabakiteriya a halotolerant ndi mawu ofala a mabakiteriya omwe amatha kulekerera mchere wambiri. M'mafakitale, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zovuta zomwe zimafufuzidwa ndikulemeretsedwa. Pakali pano, mchere wambiri ukhoza kulekerera pafupifupi 5% ndipo ukhoza kugwira ntchito mokhazikika. Amawerengedwanso ngati madzi otayira amchere wambiri. A biochemical njira ya mankhwala!
4. Sankhani njira yoyenera kuyenda
Njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira zimasankhidwa pazosiyanasiyana za chloride ion okhutira, ndipo njira ya anaerobic imasankhidwa moyenerera kuti ichepetse kulekerera kwa ndende ya chloride ion mu gawo lotsatira la aerobic. .
Mchere ukakhala woposa 5g/L, kutulutsa madzi nthunzi ndi kukhazikika pakuchotsa mchere ndiyo njira yochepetsera ndalama komanso yothandiza. Njira zina, monga njira zoberekera mabakiteriya okhala ndi mchere, zimakhala ndi zovuta zomwe zimakhala zovuta kugwira ntchito m'mafakitale.
Kampani ya Lianhua imatha kupereka chowunikira mwachangu cha COD kuti chiyese madzi otayika amchere ambiri chifukwa reagent yathu yamankhwala imatha kuteteza kusokoneza kwa ma chloride ion masauzande.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-25-2024
