31.Kodi zolimba zoyimitsidwa ndi chiyani?
Zolimba zoyimitsidwa SS zimatchedwanso zinthu zosasefera. Njira yoyezera ndikusefa madzi amadzi ndi 0.45μm fyuluta nembanemba ndiyeno amasauka ndikuumitsa zotsalira zosefedwa pa 103oC ~ 105oC. Zolimba zosasunthika zoyimitsidwa VSS zimatanthawuza unyinji wa zolimba zoyimitsidwa zomwe zimasinthasintha zikayaka kutentha kwambiri kwa 600oC, zomwe zimatha kuyimira zomwe zili muzinthu zolimba zomwe zayimitsidwa. Zomwe zatsala pambuyo poyaka ndi zolimba zosasunthika zomwe zimayimitsidwa, zomwe zimatha kuyimira zomwe zili muzinthu zomwe zidayimitsidwa.
M'madzi oipa kapena oipitsidwa, zomwe zili ndi zinthu zolimba zosasungunuka zimasiyana malinga ndi chikhalidwe cha zoipitsa ndi kuchuluka kwa kuipitsa. Zolimba zoyimitsidwa ndi zolimba zoyimitsidwa zosasunthika ndizizindikiro zofunika pakukonza ndi kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito amadzi onyansa.
32. Chifukwa chiyani zolimba zoyimitsidwa ndi zolimba zokhazikika ndizofunika kwambiri pakukonza ndi kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito amadzi oyipa?
Zolimba zoyimitsidwa ndi zolimba zoyimitsidwa zosasunthika m'madzi oyipa ndizofunikira pakupanga ndi kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito amadzi onyansa.
Ponena za zinthu zomwe zayimitsidwa mu tanki ya sedimentation ya sedimentation, muyezo wapadziko lonse lapansi wothira zimbudzi ukunena kuti zisapitirire 70 mg/L (zosungirako zimbudzi zam'tawuni zam'tawuni sizingapitirire 20 mg/L), yomwe ndi imodzi mwazinthu zotsukira m'madzi am'tawuni. zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri zoyendetsera madzi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zolimba zoyimitsidwa ndi chizindikiro chosonyeza ngati njira yowonongeka yachimbudzi ikugwira ntchito bwino. Kusintha kwachilendo kwa kuchuluka kwa zolimba zoyimitsidwa m'madzi kuchokera ku tanki yachiwiri ya sedimentation kapena kupitilira muyezo kukuwonetsa kuti pali vuto ndi njira yochotsera zinyalala, ndipo njira zoyenera ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti zibwezeretsedwe.
The suspended solids (MLSS) ndi volatile suspended solids content (MLVSS) mu adamulowetsa sludge mu kwachilengedwenso mankhwala chipangizo ayenera kukhala mu osiyanasiyana kuchulukana, ndi zimbudzi kwachilengedwenso kachitidwe ndi madzi abwino ndithu khola, pali ubale wina molingana pakati pa awiri. Ngati MLSS kapena MLVSS ipitilira mulingo winawake kapena chiŵerengero chapakati pa zosintha ziwirizi kwambiri, kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti izi zibwerere mwakale. Apo ayi, ubwino wa madzi otayira kuchokera ku mankhwala achilengedwe udzasintha, ndipo ngakhale zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zotulutsa mpweya, kuphatikizapo zolimba zoyimitsidwa, zidzapitirira miyezo. Kuonjezera apo, poyeza MLSS, chiwerengero cha sludge volume index of the aeration tank osakaniza amathanso kuyang'aniridwa kuti amvetsetse momwe matope amadzimadzi amagwirira ntchito komanso kuyimitsidwa kwina kwachilengedwe.
33. Kodi njira zoyezera zolimba zoyimitsidwa ndi ziti?
GB11901-1989 imatchula njira yodziwira gravimetric ya zolimba zoyimitsidwa m'madzi. Poyeza zolimba zoyimitsidwa SS, kuchuluka kwamadzi otayira kapena madzi osakanikirana nthawi zambiri amasonkhanitsidwa, kusefedwa ndi nembanemba ya 0.45 μm kuti atseke zolimba zomwe zayimitsidwa, ndipo nembanemba ya fyuluta imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsekereza zolimba zomwe zayimitsidwa isanayambe kapena itatha. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi kuchuluka kwa zolimba zoyimitsidwa. Chigawo chodziwika bwino cha SS chamadzi otayira wamba ndi matanki a sedimentation achiwiri ndi mg/L, pomwe gawo lodziwika bwino la SS la tanki ya aeration losanganikirana madzi ndi matope obwerera ndi g/L.
Mukayesa zitsanzo za madzi ndi ma SS akuluakulu monga mowa wosakanikirana ndi aeration ndi kubwezeretsa sludge m'mafakitale opangira madzi onyansa, ndipo pamene kulondola kwa zotsatira zake kumakhala kochepa, mapepala a fyuluta angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo mwa 0.45 μm fyuluta nembanemba. Izi sizingangowonetsa momwe zinthu zilili kuti ziwongolere kusintha kwa ntchito zopanga zenizeni, komanso kupulumutsa ndalama zoyesera. Komabe, poyezera SS mu tanki ya sedimentation yachiwiri kapena madzi otayira akuya, nembanemba yosefera ya 0.45 μm iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza, apo ayi cholakwika pazotsatira zake chidzakhala chachikulu kwambiri.
Mu ndondomeko ya madzi onyansa mankhwala, inaimitsidwa zolimba ndende ndi imodzi mwa ndondomeko magawo kuti ayenera kawirikawiri wapezeka, monga polowera inaimitsidwa zolimba ndende, wosanganiza madzi sludge ndende mu aeration, kubwerera sludge ndende, otsala sludge ndende, etc. Kuti mwamsanga kudziwa mtengo wa SS, sludge ndende mamita nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zitsamba zochizira madzi otayira, kuphatikiza mtundu wa kuwala ndi mtundu wa akupanga. Mfundo yaikulu ya optical sludge concentration mita ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa kuwala kuti ibalalike ikakumana ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tikamadutsa m'madzi, ndipo mphamvuyo imafooka. Kubalalika kwa kuwala kuli mu gawo linalake la chiwerengero ndi kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakumana. Kuwala kobalalika kumazindikiridwa ndi selo lojambula. ndi kuchuluka kwa kuchepa kwa kuwala, kuchuluka kwa matope m'madzi kumatha kuganiziridwa. Mfundo ya akupanga sludge ndende mita ndi pamene akupanga mafunde kudutsa zinyalala, ndi attenuation wa akupanga mwamphamvu ndi molingana ndi ndende ya inaimitsidwa particles m'madzi. Pozindikira kuchepetsedwa kwa mafunde akupanga ndi sensor yapadera, ndende ya sludge m'madzi imatha kuganiziridwa.
34. Ndi njira ziti zodzitetezera kuti zitsimikizidwe za zolimba zoyimitsidwa?
Poyezera ndi kuyesa, madzi otayira a thanki yachiwiri ya sedimentation kapena matope omwe adalowetsedwa mu chipangizo chopangira mankhwala ayenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta zinthu zoyandama kapena zowuma zosawoneka bwino zomizidwamo ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Pofuna kupewa zotsalira zochulukirapo pa diski yosefera kuti isalowe m'madzi ndikutalikitsa nthawi yowumitsa, voliyumu yachitsanzo imayenera kupanga 2.5 mpaka 200 mg ya zolimba zoyimitsidwa. Ngati palibe maziko ena, voliyumu yachitsanzo ya kutsimikiza kolimba koyimitsidwa ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa ngati 100ml, ndipo iyenera kusakanizidwa bwino.
Poyesa zitsanzo za sludge, chifukwa cha zolimba zazikulu zoyimitsidwa, kuchuluka kwa zolimba zomwe zayimitsidwa pachitsanzo nthawi zambiri zimaposa 200 mg. Pachifukwa ichi, nthawi yowumitsa iyenera kukulitsidwa moyenerera, kenako ndikusunthira ku chowumitsira kuti kuziziritsa kutentha kofanana musanayese. Kuyanika mobwerezabwereza ndi kuyanika mpaka kulemera kosalekeza kapena kutayika kwa kulemera kumakhala kosakwana 4% ya kulemera koyambirira. Pofuna kupewa kuyanika, kuyanika, ndi kuyeza kangapo, gawo lililonse la ntchito ndi nthawi ziyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamalitsa ndikumalizidwa modziyimira pawokha ndi katswiri wa labotale kuti awonetsetse kuti njira zonse zimayendera.
Zitsanzo za madzi zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa ziyenera kufufuzidwa ndikuyesedwa mwamsanga. Ngati ziyenera kusungidwa, zikhoza kusungidwa mufiriji ya 4oC, koma nthawi yosungiramo zitsanzo za madzi sayenera kupitirira masiku 7. Pofuna kuti zotsatira zoyezera zikhale zolondola momwe zingathere, poyezera zitsanzo za madzi okhala ndi ma SS apamwamba monga aeration osakaniza madzi, kuchuluka kwa madzi kukhoza kuchepetsedwa moyenera; pamene mukuyeza zitsanzo za madzi okhala ndi ma SS otsika monga kutayira kwa tanki ya sedimentation, kuchuluka kwa madzi oyeserera kumatha kuonjezedwa moyenerera. Voliyumu yotere.
Poyezera kuchuluka kwa zinyalala zokhala ndi mtengo wapamwamba wa SS monga matope obwerera, kuti muteteze zosefera monga nembanemba ya fyuluta kapena pepala losefera kuti zisatseke zolimba zoyimitsidwa ndikulowetsa madzi ochulukirapo, nthawi yowumitsa iyenera kuwonjezedwa. Pamene kulemera pa kulemera zonse, m`pofunika Samalani kuchuluka kwa kulemera kusintha. Ngati kusintha kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, nthawi zambiri kumatanthauza kuti SS pa nembanemba ya fyuluta imakhala yowuma kunja ndi yonyowa mkati, ndipo nthawi yowuma iyenera kuwonjezereka.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-12-2023
