Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zoyezetsa khalidwe la madzi m'mafakitale otsuka zimbudzi gawo lachinayi

27. Kodi madzi olimba ndi otani?
Chizindikiro chomwe chikuwonetsa zolimba zonse zomwe zili m'madzi ndi zolimba zonse, zomwe zimagawidwa m'magawo awiri: zolimba zokhazikika komanso zosasunthika. Zolimba zonse zimaphatikizapo zolimba zoyimitsidwa (SS) ndi zosungunuka (DS), chilichonse chomwe chingagawidwenso kukhala zinthu zolimba komanso zosasunthika.
Njira yoyezera zinthu zolimba ndi kuyeza kuchuluka kwa zinthu zolimba zomwe zatsala pambuyo poti madzi onyansa asinthidwa kukhala nthunzi pa 103oC ~ 105oC. Nthawi yowumitsa ndi kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono timagwirizana ndi chowumitsira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma mulimonsemo, kutalika kwa nthawi yowumitsa kuyenera kukhazikitsidwa chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwathunthu kwa madzi mumtsuko wamadzi mpaka misa itatha. mosalekeza pambuyo kuyanika.
Zolimba zokhazikika zimayimira misa yolimba yomwe imachepetsedwa ndikuwotcha zolimba zonse pa kutentha kwakukulu kwa 600oC, motero zimatchedwanso kuwonda powotcha, ndipo zimatha kuyimira zomwe zili m'madzi. Nthawi yoyatsira ilinso ngati nthawi yowumitsa poyesa zolimba zonse. Iyenera kutenthedwa mpaka kaboni yonse yomwe ili m'chitsanzoyo itasungunuka. Unyinji wa zinthu zotsala zitawotchedwa ndi zolimba zokhazikika, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti phulusa, zomwe zimatha kuyimira zomwe zili m'madzi.
28.Kodi zolimba zosungunuka ndi chiyani?
Zolimba zosungunuka zimatchedwanso zinthu zosefera. Sefayo ikatha kusefa zolimba zomwe zayimitsidwa zimasunthika ndikuwumitsa kutentha kwa 103oC ~ 105oC, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zinthu zotsalira kumayesedwa, zomwe ndi zolimba zosungunuka. Zolimba zosungunuka zimaphatikizapo mchere wa inorganic ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimasungunuka m'madzi. Ikhoza kuwerengedwa mochepa pochotsa kuchuluka kwa zolimba zoyimitsidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zonse zolimba. Chigawo chodziwika bwino ndi mg/L.
Pamene zimbudzi zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito pambuyo pa chithandizo chapamwamba, zolimba zake zosungunuka ziyenera kuyendetsedwa mkati mwamtundu wina. Kupanda kutero, padzakhala zovuta zina zomwe zingagwiritsire ntchito kubiriwira, kutsuka zimbudzi, kutsuka magalimoto ndi madzi ena osiyanasiyana kapena ngati madzi ozungulira mafakitale. Muyezo wa Unduna wa Zomangamanga "Water Quality Standard for Domestic Miscellaneous Water" CJ/T48-1999 umanena kuti zolimba zosungunuka zamadzi ogwiritsidwanso ntchito kubiriwira ndi kukhetsa zimbudzi sizingadutse 1200 mg/L, ndi zolimba zosungunuka zamadzi ogwiritsidwanso ntchito pagalimoto. kutsuka ndi kuyeretsa Sizingapitirire 1000 mg/L.
29.Kodi mchere ndi mchere wa madzi ndi chiyani?
Mchere womwe uli m’madzi umatchedwanso kuti mchere, womwe umaimira kuchuluka kwa mchere umene uli m’madzimo. Chigawo chodziwika bwino ndi mg/L. Popeza mchere m'madzi onse amakhala mu mawonekedwe a ayoni, mcherewo ndi chiŵerengero cha ma anion osiyanasiyana ndi ma cations m'madzi.
Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera kukutanthawuza kuti zolimba zosungunuka zomwe zili m'madzi zimakhala zazikulu kuposa mchere wake, chifukwa zolimba zosungunuka zimakhalanso ndi zinthu zina zamoyo. Zomwe zili m'madzi zikakhala zochepa kwambiri, zolimba zosungunuka zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyerekeza kuchuluka kwa mchere m'madzi.
30.Kodi kayendedwe ka madzi ndi chiyani?
Conductivity ndi kubwereza kwa kukana kwa yankho lamadzimadzi, ndipo gawo lake ndi μs/cm. Mchere wosiyanasiyana wosungunuka m'madzi umapezeka mumtundu wa ionic, ndipo ma ion amatha kuyendetsa magetsi. Mchere wambiri ukasungunuka m'madzi, m'pamenenso ma ion okhutira, komanso momwe madzi amachitira. Choncho, malingana ndi madutsidwe, zikhoza kuimira kuchuluka kwa mchere m'madzi kapena kusungunuka olimba zili m'madzi.
Ma conductivity a madzi osungunula atsopano ndi 0.5 mpaka 2 μs/cm, ma conductivity a madzi a ultrapure ndi ochepera 0.1 μs/cm, ndipo ma conductivity a madzi okhazikika otulutsidwa kuchokera kumadzi ofewa amatha kukhala okwera ngati masauzande a μs/cm.