Nayitrogeni, nayitrogeni wa nayitrogeni, nayitrogeni wa nayitrogeni, ndi Kjeldahl nayitrogeni

Nayitrogeni ndi chinthu chofunikira chomwe chingakhalepo mosiyanasiyana m'madzi ndi m'nthaka m'chilengedwe. Lero tikambirana mfundo za nayitrogeni, ammonia nayitrogeni, nayitrogeni wa nitrate, nayitrogeni wa nitrite ndi nayitrogeni wa Kjeldahl. Total nitrogen (TN) ndi chizindikiro chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni m'madzi. Zimaphatikizapo ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen ndi zinthu zina za nayitrogeni monga nitrate ndi nitrate. Ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) amatanthauza kuphatikizika kwa ammonia (NH3) ndi ammonia oxides (NH4+). Ndiwofooka wamchere wa nayitrogeni ndipo ukhoza kutengedwa kuchokera ku zochitika zamoyo ndi mankhwala m'madzi. Nayitrogeni wa nayitrogeni (NO3-N) amatanthauza kuchuluka kwa nitrate (NO3 -). Ndi kwambiri acidic nayitrogeni ndi waukulu mtundu wa asafe. Zitha kutengedwa kuchokera ku ntchito yachilengedwe yamadzi kuchokera ku ammonia nayitrogeni ndi nayitrogeni wamadzi m'madzi. Nitrite nayitrogeni (NO2-N) amatanthauza kuchuluka kwa nitrite (NO2 -). Ndiwofooka acidic nayitrogeni komanso kalambulabwalo wa nayitrogeni wa nitrate, yemwe angapezeke kudzera muzochita zamoyo ndi mankhwala m'madzi. Kjeldahl nitrogen (Kjeldahl-N) amatanthauza kuchuluka kwa ammonia oxides (NH4+) ndi organic nitrogen (Norg). Ndi ammonia nayitrogeni omwe angapezeke kudzera muzochita zamoyo ndi mankhwala m'madzi. Nayitrojeni m'madzi ndi gawo lofunikira lomwe lingakhudze mtundu wamadzi, momwe chilengedwe chimakhalira, kukula ndi chitukuko cha zamoyo zam'madzi. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira ndikuwongolera nayitrogeni yonse, ammonia nitrogen, nayitrogeni wa nitrate, nitrite nitrogen, ndi Kjeldahl nitrogen m'madzi. Zomwe zili mu nayitrogeni ndi chizindikiro chofunikira poyeza kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni m'madzi. Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni m'madzi kuyenera kukhala kosiyanasiyana. Kuchuluka kapena kutsika kwambiri kumakhudza mtundu wamadzi wamadzi. Kuphatikiza apo, ammonia nayitrogeni, nayitrogeni wa nitrate, nayitrogeni wa nitrite, ndi nayitrogeni wa Kjeldahl nawonso ndizizindikiro zofunika pakuzindikira zinthu za nayitrogeni m'madzi. Zomwe zili nawo ziyeneranso kukhala mkati mwazosiyana. Kukwera kwambiri kapena kutsika kwambiri kumakhudza mtundu wamadzi wamadzi. Monga chopatsa thanzi, nayitrogeni imalowetsedwa m'nyanja, ndipo zotsatira zake mwachindunji ndi eutrophication:
1) Nyanja zikakhala zachilengedwe, zimakhala za oligotrophic kapena mesotrophic. Atalandira exogenous michere athandizira, ndi kuchuluka kwa michere m'thupi la madzi kuchuluka, amene angathe kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha mizu ndi zimayambira za zomera m'madzi mu osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana, ndi kulimbikitsa michere si zoonekeratu.
2) Ndi kulowetsedwa kosalekeza kwa michere monga nayitrogeni, kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe zimamera m'madzi ndizotsika kuposa kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni. Kuwonjezeka kwa zakudya kumapangitsa kuti algae azichulukirachulukira, pang'onopang'ono kuchepetsa kuwonekera kwa madzi, ndipo kukula kwa zomera zam'madzi kumaletsedwa mpaka kutha. Panthawiyi, nyanjayi imasintha kuchoka ku nyanja yamtundu wa udzu kupita ku nyanja yamtundu wa algae, ndipo nyanjayi imasonyeza makhalidwe a eutrophication.
Pakali pano, mayiko ambiri ali okhwima malamulo zili nayitrogeni zinthu monga okwana asafe, ammonia nayitrogeni, nitrate asafe, nitrite asafe ndi Kjeldahl asafe m'madzi. Ngati malamulowo aphwanyidwa, izi zidzakhudza kwambiri khalidwe la madzi komanso chilengedwe chamadzi. Choncho, aliyense ayenera kulabadira kuyang'anira ndi kulamulira kwa nitrogen zinthu m'madzi kuti atsimikizire kuti madzi a m'madzi akugwirizana ndi mfundo za dziko.
Powombetsa mkota,nayitrogeni yonse, ammonia nayitrogeni, nayitrogeni wa nitrate, nayitrogeni wa nitrite ndi Kjeldahl nayitrogenindi zizindikiro zofunika za nayitrogeni m'madzi. Zomwe zili m'madzi ndi chizindikiro chofunika kwambiri cha khalidwe la madzi, ndipo kuyang'anira ndi kulamulira ndizofunikira kwambiri. Pokhapokha poyang'anira ndi kuyang'anira zinthu za nayitrogeni m'madzi m'madzi tingathe kuonetsetsa kuti madzi akugwirizana ndi miyezo ndi kuteteza thanzi la madzi.