Vuto la madzi ku Yancheng pambuyo pa kuphulika kwa algae wa buluu-wobiriwira ku Nyanja ya Taihu yakhala ikuchenjezanso za chitetezo cha chilengedwe. Pakalipano, chomwe chimayambitsa kuipitsachi chadziwika poyamba. Zomera zazing'ono zamankhwala zimabalalika kuzungulira magwero amadzi omwe nzika za 300,000 zimadalira. Madzi otayira omwe amakhetsedwa ndi mankhwalawa aipitsa kwambiri magwero amadzi akumwa. Ngati kuli kofunika kuthetsa vuto lalikulu limeneli la kuwonongeka kwa madzi m’makampani opanga mankhwala, atolankhani posachedwapa anazindikira kuti makampani opanga madzi oyeretsera madzi amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa madzi otayira ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana a m’madzi akukumana ndi kukwera kwa malonda. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa mtolankhani, pali malo otanganidwa pakhomo la Henan Huaquan Tap Water Materials General Factory. Zikumveka kuti chifukwa cha malamulo mosalekeza, panopa Gongyi City a Fuyuan Water Purification Materials Co., Ltd., Songxin Filter Material Viwanda Co., Ltd., Hongfa Net Water mankhwala wothandizira makampani monga Water Materials Co., Ltd. ndi Xinhuayu Water Purification Agent Factory yomwe imapanga zoyeretsa madzi, activated carbon, and papermaking flocculants zikugwira ntchito mokwanira. Lolani mkonzi akutengereni kwa wothandizira madzi kuti muphunzire za lupanga lowala lothandizira kuipitsidwa ndi madzi.
Mankhwala oyeretsera madzi amanena za mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa madzi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani opanga mankhwala, mafuta a petroleum, mafakitale opepuka, mankhwala a tsiku ndi tsiku, nsalu, kusindikiza ndi utoto, zomangamanga, zitsulo, makina, mankhwala ndi thanzi, kayendedwe, kumidzi ndi kumidzi chitetezo cha chilengedwe ndi mafakitale ena kuti akwaniritse kusunga madzi. ndi cholinga choletsa kuipitsa madzi.
Othandizira ochizira madzi amaphatikizanso othandizira omwe amafunikira poyeretsa madzi oziziritsa ndi boiler, kuchotsa madzi am'nyanja, kupatukana kwa membrane, chithandizo chachilengedwe, kusinthana kwa flocculation ndi ion ndi matekinoloje ena. Monga corrosion inhibitors, scale inhibitors ndi dispersants, bactericidal ndi algaecidal agents, flocculants, ion exchange resins, purifiers, oyeretsa, othandizira mafilimu, ndi zina zotero.
Malinga ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito kosiyanasiyana ndi njira zochizira, mitundu yayikulu ya othandizira madzi ndi:
Reverse osmosis madzi oyera dongosolo kukonzekera madzi madzi: Kugwiritsa ntchito pawiri kukonzekera ndi zabwino synergistic mankhwala zotsatira, angathe kuteteza mapangidwe sikelo ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono matope, kusintha mlingo desalination ndi kupanga madzi dongosolo, ndi kukulitsa moyo utumiki wa RO. membrane.
Special anti-scaling, wapadera woyeretsa wothandizira
Kuwongolera madzi ozizira: onetsetsani kuti nsanja zamadzi ozizira, zoziziritsa kukhosi ndi zida zina zili m'malo abwino ogwirira ntchito, kuwongolera bwino tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, kuletsa kukula kwa sikelo, ndikuletsa dzimbiri la zida zamapaipi. Kukwaniritsa cholinga chochepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndikukulitsa moyo wautumiki wa zida. Konzani dongosolo loyeretsera madzi la polojekitiyi, pogwiritsa ntchito akatswiri okonzekera madzi owiritsa komanso dongosolo laukadaulo laukadaulo.
Bactericidal algaecide
Kukonzekera kwamadzi opopera kumatengera kukonzekera kwapawiri kokhala ndi chithandizo chabwino cha synergistic kuti muteteze dzimbiri ndi makulitsidwe a boiler, kukhazikika kwamadzi otenthetserako, kuonetsetsa kuti chotenthetsera chimagwira ntchito bwino, kuchepetsa kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa chotenthetsera, ndikuwonjezera moyo wake wautumiki. .
Kukonzekera kopangira madzi opangira boiler
Angathe kuyeretsa wothandizira
Alkalinity adjuster
Utsi chipinda kuzungulira madzi mankhwala kukonzekera: The wothandizira ndi pawiri kukonzekera ndi yotakata kubalalitsidwa luso. Zotsalira za utoto zomwe amachitira zimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino za kuchepa madzi m'thupi. Zotsalira za utoto zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndizosakhazikika, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kupulumutsa ndi kukonza zina mu gawo lotsatira. Chilengedwe chamankhwala chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ochezeka komanso magwiridwe antchito okhazikika. Ikhoza kuteteza bwino vuto lomwe limadza chifukwa cha utoto kumamatira ku zida zamapaipi, ndikuchepetsaZolemba za CODm'madzi, kuchotsa fungo, kukonza chilengedwe, ndi kukulitsa moyo wautumiki wa madzi oyendayenda.
Makina opangira utoto wopaka utoto (paint mist coagulant)
kuyimitsa wothandizira
Kukonzekera kwamadzi otayira: Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo woyezera madzi, kuphatikiza ndi madzi akuya, madzi oyeretsedwa amatha kukwaniritsa miyezo yamadzi ya GB5084-1992, CECS61-94, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo amatha kubwezeretsedwanso kwa nthawi yayitali, kupulumutsa madzi ambiri. zothandizira.
Environmental wochezeka COD wapadera remover
heavy metal catch agent
Mankhwala opangira madzi komanso kusunga madzi
Kuti tisunge madzi, choyamba tiyenera kulanda madzi a m’mafakitale amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Pakati pamadzi am'mafakitale, madzi ozizira amakhala gawo lalikulu kwambiri, omwe amawerengera pafupifupi 60% mpaka 70%. Chifukwa chake, kupulumutsa madzi ozizira kwakhala ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakusunga madzi m'mafakitale.
Madzi ozizira akagwiritsidwanso ntchito, kumwa madzi kumapulumutsidwa kwambiri. Komabe, chifukwa cha nthunzi yosalekeza ya madzi ozizira, mchere m'madzi umakhala wokhazikika, ndipo kukhudzana pakati pa madzi ozizira ndi mlengalenga kumawonjezera kwambiri mpweya wosungunuka ndi mabakiteriya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makulitsidwe kwambiri, dzimbiri ndi bakiteriya ndi algae. kukula kwa madzi ozizira ozungulira, omwe amapangitsa kutentha Kusinthanitsa kumachepetsedwa kwambiri ndipo kukonzanso kumachitika kawirikawiri, kuopseza kupanga kwachibadwa. Pachifukwa ichi, ma scale inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, bactericidal algaecides ndi othandizira awo oyeretsera, pre-filming agents, dispersants, defoaming agents, flocculants, ndi zina zotero ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa kumadzi ozizira. Tekinoloje iyi yomwe imawonjezera mankhwala kuti ateteze kukulitsa, dzimbiri, ndi kukula kwa bakiteriya ndi algae m'madzi ozungulira amatchedwa ukadaulo wamankhwala amadzimadzi. Zimaphatikizapo pretreatment, kuyeretsa, pickling, kujambula chisanadze, dosing wamba, kutsekereza ndi njira zina. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa coagulants ndi flocculants pa chithandizo choyambirira cha kuchimbudzi ndi njira yofunikira yobwezeretsanso zimbudzi. Ukadaulo wamankhwala am'madzi am'madzi tsopano umadziwika kunyumba ndi kunja ngati njira yodziwika bwino komanso yothandiza yosungira madzi m'mafakitale.
mankhwala madzi mankhwala wothandizira
Kuchiza kwa Chemical ndiukadaulo wamankhwala womwe umagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuti athetse ndikuletsa makulitsidwe, dzimbiri, kukula kwa bakiteriya ndi algae, komanso kuyeretsa madzi. Amagwiritsa ntchito ma coagulants kuti achotse zonyansa zamakina m'madzi osaphika, amagwiritsa ntchito ma scale inhibitors kuti apewe kukula, amagwiritsa ntchito corrosion inhibitors kuti athetse dzimbiri, amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti ateteze kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito oyeretsa kuchotsa zotsalira za dzimbiri, madontho akale, mafuta, ndi zina.
Pali mitundu itatu ya mankhwala opangira madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mochuluka: flocculants; bactericidal ndi algaecidal wothandizira; ndi ma scale and corrosion inhibitors. Flocculant imatchedwanso coagulant. Ntchito yake ndikuwunikira zinthu zomwe zaimitsidwa m'madzi ndikuchepetsa chipwirikiti chamadzi. Nthawi zambiri, flocculant yamchere yamchere imagwiritsidwa ntchito powonjezera pang'ono organic polima flocculant, yomwe imasungunuka m'madzi ndikusakaniza mofanana ndi madzi omwe amachitira kuti ayimitse. Zambiri mwazinthuzo zidachepa. Mabakiteriya ndi algaecidal agents, omwe amadziwikanso kuti biocides, amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kapena kuchotsa mabakiteriya ndi algae m'madzi. Ma Scale and corrosion inhibitors amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pozungulira madzi ozizira kuti awonjezere kuchuluka kwa madzi, kuchepetsa kutayira kwa zimbudzi kuti atetezere madzi, komanso kuchepetsa makulitsidwe ndi dzimbiri la osinthanitsa kutentha ndi mapaipi.
Tiyeni tionepo ochepa mwa mankhwala oyeretsera madzi.
1. Flocculant
1. Wowuma wochokera ku flocculant
M'zaka zaposachedwa, ma flocculants owuma akhala akugwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri posindikiza ndi kudaya madzi oipa. Li Xuxiang ndi ena adagwiritsa ntchito ammonium persulfate monga oyambitsa kumezanitsa ndi kupolymerize madzi amchere ufa ndi acrylonitrile. Wowuma wosinthidwa wokonzedwa adaphatikizidwa ndi coagulant basic aluminium chloride kuti azitha kusindikiza ndi kudaya madzi oyipa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa turbidity kumatha kufika kupitilira 70%. Zhao Yansheng et al., kutengera magawo awiri a cationic starch flocculant ndi copolymerization wa wowuma ndi acrylamide, adachita gawo limodzi la kaphatikizidwe ndi kafukufuku wamachitidwe a starch-acrylamide graft copolymer modified cationic flocculant CSGM. Zotulukapo zabwino zapezedwa posindikiza ndi kudaya madzi oipa kuchokera ku mphero zaubweya. Chen Yucheng et al. adagwiritsa ntchito zotsalira popanga ufa wa konjac, womwe urea adagwiritsa ntchito ngati chothandizira, ndikupanga flocculant No. Pamene mlingo unali 120 mg/L, mlingo wochotsa COD unali 68.8%, ndipo mlingo wochotsa chroma umafika 92%. Yang Tongzai et al. Anapanga cationic kusinthidwa polima flocculant ntchito wowuma monga zopangira, ndipo anagwiritsa ntchito kuchitira kuwala kwa mafakitale madzi zinyalala monga kusindikiza ndi utoto. Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zidawonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa zolimba zoyimitsidwa, COD, ndi chroma kunali kokwera ndipo matopewo adapangidwa. Kuchuluka kwake ndi kochepa, ndipo ubwino wa madzi otayira ogwiritsidwa ntchito umakhala bwino kwambiri.
2. Zotengera za Lignin
Kuyambira m'ma 1970, mayiko akunja adaphunzira kaphatikizidwe ka quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants pogwiritsa ntchito lignin ngati zopangira, ndipo adazigwiritsa ntchito popaka utoto wamadzi onyansa ndikupeza zotsatira zabwino za flocculation. Zhu Jianhua ndi ena m'dziko langa adagwiritsa ntchito lignin popanga zinyalala zamadzimadzi kuti apange zida za cationic kuti azitha kusindikiza ndi kudaya madzi oyipa. Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti ma lignin cationic surfactants ali ndi mawonekedwe abwino a flocculation ndipo kuchuluka kwa decolorization kumaposa 90%. Zhang Zhilan et al. anachotsa lignin ku udzu zamkati mowa wakuda ngati flocculant, ndipo anayerekezera zotsatira ndi zotayidwa kolorayidi ndi polyacrylamide, kutsimikizira kupambana kwa lignin pochiza kusindikiza ndi utoto madzi oipa. Lei Zhongfang et al. anaphunzira m'zigawo za lignin kuchokera alkali udzu zamkati zakuda mowa wakuda isanayambe ndi pambuyo mankhwala anaerobic monga flocculant kuchitira kusindikiza ndi utoto madzi oipa, ndipo anapeza zotsatira zabwino. Pamaziko awa, Lei Zhongfang et al. adaphunziranso za flocculation zotsatira za lignin. Limagwirira amatsimikizira kuti lignin flocculant ndi madzi mankhwala wothandizira ndi zotsatira zapadera pa mkulu turbidity ndi acidic zinyalala madzi.
3. Zina zachilengedwe polima flocculants
Miya Shiguo ndi ena amagwiritsa ntchito zachilengedwe monga zida zazikulu zopangira, ndipo pambuyo pokonza thupi ndi mankhwala, adapanga amphoteric composite coagulation decolorizing wothandizira ASD-Ⅱ kuti ayendetse madzi otayira opaka utoto, kuchepetsa, vulcanization, naftol, cationic ndi utoto wotakataka posindikiza. ndi zomera zodaya. Mu kuyesa kwa decolorization, chiwopsezo cha decolorization chinali chachikulu kuposa 80%, choposa 98%, ndipo chiwopsezo chochotsa COD chinali chapakati pa 60%, ndikupitilira 80%. Zhang Qiuhua et al. adagwiritsa ntchito makina opangidwa ndi carboxymethyl chitosan flocculant pochiza kusindikiza ndi kudaya madzi oyipa kuchokera kufakitale yopukutira. Zotsatira zoyeserera zidawonetsa kuti carboxymethyl chitosan flocculant inali yopambana kuposa ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi madzi otayira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso zotsatira zochotsa COD. Molecular flocculants.
2. Mabakiteriya ndi algaecide
Ikhoza kukumba bwino kubereka kwa algae ndi kukula kwa matope. Ili ndi njira yabwino yochepetsera komanso kupha algae mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pH, ndipo imakhala ndi zotsatira zobalalika ndi kulowa. Imatha kulowa ndikuchotsa matope ndikuchotsa algae.
Komanso, ali ndi mphamvu kuchotsa mafuta. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyendetsa madzi ozizira, makina ojambulira madzi akumunda wamafuta, ndi machitidwe amadzi ozizira. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati sterilizing yopanda oxidative ndi algaecide wothandizira komanso chochotsa matope. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati njira yosinthira utoto wa acrylic fiber ndi kusalaza musanapange nsalu. ndi antistatic mankhwala.
3. Scale and corrosion inhibitors
Hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid HEDP
chikhalidwe:
HEDP ndi organic phosphoric acid sikelo ndi corrosion inhibitor yomwe imatha kupanga zinthu zokhazikika zokhala ndi ayoni achitsulo osiyanasiyana monga chitsulo, mkuwa, ndi zinki, ndipo imatha kusungunula ma oxide pazitsulo. HEDP imatha kugwirabe ntchito yabwino pakuwononga dzimbiri ndi kuletsa sikelo pa 250 ° C, ikadali yokhazikika pansi pa pH yamtengo wapamwamba, sikophweka kutsitsa madzi, ndipo sikophweka kuwola pansi pa kuwala ndi kutentha. Kukana kwake kwa asidi ndi alkali komanso kukana kwa okosijeni wa chlorine ndikwabwino kuposa ma phosphates ena achilengedwe (mchere). HEDP imatha kupanga chelate ya mphete zisanu ndi imodzi yokhala ndi ayoni achitsulo m'madzi, makamaka ayoni a calcium. Choncho, HEDP ili ndi zotsatira zabwino zolepheretsa komanso zomveka bwino kuti zisungunuke. Akagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi othandizira ena ochizira madzi, amawonetsa Synergy yabwino. HEDP cholimba ndi mankhwala oyeretsedwa kwambiri oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera omwe ali ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri; ndizoyenera makamaka zoyeretsera komanso zowonjezera zamankhwala tsiku lililonse mumakampani amagetsi.
Kuchuluka kwa ntchito za HEDP ndikugwiritsa ntchito
HEDP imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ozungulira madzi ozizira monga mphamvu yamagetsi, makampani opanga mankhwala, zitsulo, ndi feteleza, komanso m'ma boilers apakatikati ndi otsika, jekeseni wamadzi amafuta, ndi mapaipi amafuta kuti asawonongeke komanso kuti asawonongeke. HEDP itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati choyeretsera zitsulo ndi zopanda zitsulo m'makampani opanga nsalu zopepuka. , peroxide stabilizer ndi wothandizira mitundu mu bleaching ndi utoto makampani, ndi complexing wothandizira mu cyanide wopanda electroplating makampani. HEDP nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito molumikizana ndi polycarboxylic acid-type scale inhibitor ndi dispersant.
Msika wogulitsa madzi ukukulirakulira mu 2009
Masiku ano, chithandizo cha zimbudzi chikulandira chidwi chowonjezeka kuchokera kumakampani apakhomo. Kuphatikiza apo, mabizinesi akumunsi ayamba kugwira ntchito kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, ndipo kufunikira kwa othandizira madzi akuchulukirachulukira tsiku ndi tsiku. Mkhalidwe wonse wa mabizinesi a carbon activated kumayambiriro kwa chaka ndi bwino kuposa chaka chatha. Mtolankhaniyo adaphunzira kuti kutulutsa kwapachaka kwa zinthu zoyeretsera madzi ku Gongyi City, Province la Henan ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a dzikolo, ndipo pali mafakitale 70 kapena 80 oyeretsa madzi.
Dziko lathu limaona kufunikira kwakukulu pachitetezo cha madzi ndi kuyeretsa zimbudzi, ndipo likuwonjezera kuthandizira kwa mfundo zomwe amakonda. Ngakhale pamene mavuto azachuma padziko lonse anakhudza kwambiri makampani opanga mankhwala, dzikolo silinasiye kulamulira chilengedwe ndipo linatsekereza makampani opanga mankhwala omwe anali ndi mpweya woipa kwambiri. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, idalimbikitsa ndalama ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa ntchito zosaipitsa ndi zochepetsetsa za mankhwala. . Chifukwa chake, makampani opanga madzi oyeretsera madzi adzabweretsa mwayi watsopano wachitukuko mu 2009.
Chaka chatha, chifukwa cha kuchepetsedwa kwa malamulo a makampani opangira madzi, kuchuluka kwa ntchito kunali pafupifupi 50% pachaka chonse. Makamaka m'miyezi itatha mavuto azachuma, kuchuluka kwa ntchito kunali kochepa kwambiri. Komabe, potengera momwe zinthu ziliri panopa, makampani ambiri akuyambiranso kupanga pang'onopang'ono ndipo pang'onopang'ono amachokera ku mthunzi wa mavuto azachuma.
Pakadali pano, mitengo yogwirira ntchito ya opanga angapo opanga mapepala opangira mapepala ku Guangdong ikuchulukirachulukira. Posachedwapa, malamulo omwe tapatsidwa ndi makampani oteteza zachilengedwe akuwonjezekanso. Miyezo yamabizinesi yakwera. Izi makamaka chifukwa cha zifukwa zotsatirazi: Choyamba, kutsika kwa mtsinje kusindikiza ndi utoto, kusindikiza ndi kudaya, makampani opanga mapepala ayamba ntchito imodzi ndi ina. Chifukwa mabizinesi oterowo adzatulutsa madzi ambiri otayira pambuyo pogwira ntchito, kufunikira kwa othandizira madzi monga ma flocculants opangira mapepala kudzawonjezeka, zomwe zidzadzetsa kuchulukitsitsa kwa malamulo opangira madzi; chachiwiri, mafakitale osiyanasiyana opangira mankhwala omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mavuto azachuma Mtengo wa zinthu zopangira watsika kwambiri, pomwe kuchepa kwa zinthu zogula monga mapepala, utoto, zovala, ndi zina sizinali zazikulu, zomwe zachepetsa mtengo wopangira madzi. makampani othandizira chithandizo ndikuwonjezera phindu lawo; chachitatu, kuyambira chaka chatha, zofunikira zachitetezo cha chilengedwe mdziko muno zakhala zovuta kwambiri. Kunena zoona, makampani onse a mankhwala, osindikizira ndi opaka utoto, ndi opanga mapepala awonjezera khama lawo pantchito yomanga zimbudzi. Mabizinesi ambiri ali mu gawo lomanga malo ndipo sanapange zofunikira zenizeni za othandizira madzi. Komabe, kuchiyambi kwa chaka chino, ntchito yomangayo inamalizidwa kwenikweni. Kukwaniritsa miyezoyi kwapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunikira kwa othandizira oyeretsa madzi. Kuonjezera apo, vuto la zachuma litayamba mu September chaka chatha, ndalama zoyendetsera chitetezo cha chilengedwe zinalowanso nthawi yotsika mtengo. Motsogozedwa ndi maubwino apawiri awa, chaka chino chipanga nthawi yofunikira kwambiri kwa othandizira oyeretsa madzi; chachinayi, zimachokera ku malo abwino omwe alipo panopa. Pofuna kuthana ndi mavuto azachuma, boma lakhala likuyambitsa ndondomeko zothandizira anthu, makamaka poyeretsa madzi oipa. Chifukwa chake, malo atsopano opangira makampani opangira madzi adzapanga pang'onopang'ono.
Wogulitsa yemwe wakhala akuchita malonda a polyaluminium chloride kwa zaka zambiri adanena kuti kuwonjezeka kwa msika wamakono, kuchepetsa mtengo wamtengo wapatali, ndi chithandizo chapadera cha ndondomeko ndizo zabwino kwa kampaniyo, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, amamva kupanikizika kosaneneka. Chifukwa makampani otsika akamayitanitsa tsopano, zomwe amafuna pazogulitsa zonse komanso ntchito zogulitsa pambuyo pake zimakhala zapamwamba kuposa kale. Izi zimakakamiza makampani oyenerera kuti asamangogwiritsa ntchito mwayi wachitukuko, komanso kusintha malingaliro munthawi yake ndikuwonjezera kusintha kwaukadaulo. Kupititsa patsogolo khalidwe la mankhwala ndi kuonjezera ndalama zofufuza ndi chitukuko cha mankhwala atsopano opangira madzi kuti akhazikitse maziko olimba a chitukuko chathanzi komanso chokhalitsa cha makampani onse opangira madzi.
Kukula kwa mankhwala opangira madzi kumakhala kobiriwira
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana lino, kusintha kwakukulu kwachisinthiko kunachitika pa chitukuko cha maphunziro a chemistry ndi mankhwala opangira mankhwala, omwe adadziwika ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa lingaliro la "green chemistry". Monga wothandizira madzi opangira mankhwala apadera, njira yake yachitukuko imagwirizana kwambiri ndi chemistry yobiriwira.
Kufunafuna greening wa wothandizira madzi mankhwala akuyamba ndi zisathe chitukuko njira kukwaniritsa greening wa mankhwala wothandizila madzi, ndi greening wa zopangira ndi kutembenuka reagents ntchito madzi mankhwala wothandizila kupanga, ndi greening wa madzi mankhwala wothandizila kupanga njira anachita, ndi ndi greening wa zochita madzi mankhwala wothandizila kupanga. Kubiriwira kwachilengedwe kwakhala gawo loyambira komanso kafukufuku wofunikira komanso njira yachitukuko cha sayansi yachilengedwe.
Nkhani yofunika kwambiri pakali pano ndi kubiriwira kwa mankhwala opangira madzi a molekyulu, chifukwa popanda molekyu yomwe mukufuna, kupanga kwake sikutheka. Kuyambira pa lingaliro la chemistry yobiriwira, malinga ndi zomwe wolembayo adachita komanso zomwe adakumana nazo, kubiriwira kwa othandizira madzi kumatha kuyamba kuchokera kuzinthu zotsatirazi. Kupanga zida zoyeretsera madzi otetezedwa Lingaliro la chemistry yobiriwira likukonzanso njira yopangira ukadaulo woyeretsa madzi ndi mankhwala opangira madzi. Biodegradability, ndiye kuti, zinthu zimatha kuwola ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kukhala mawonekedwe osavuta, ovomerezeka ndi chilengedwe, ndi njira yofunikira yochepetsera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, popanga zida zatsopano zoyeretsera madzi zomwe ndizosavuta kuwononga zachilengedwe komanso zotetezeka kwa anthu, kuwononga chilengedwe kuyenera kukhala kofunikira kwambiri.
Zoyeserera zomwe tidachita zikuwonetsa kuti liniya polyaspartic acid yokhala ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa mamolekyulu imakhala yabwino kwambiri kubalalitsidwa, kuletsa dzimbiri, chelation ndi ntchito zina, ndipo itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati choletsa mamba, choletsa corrosion ndi dispersant. Kuwunikanso zinthu zomwe zidalipo zopangira madzi kuyambira dziko langa lidayamba kafukufuku ndi chitukuko chaukadaulo wamakono wamankhwala amadzi ndi othandizira madzi koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, zotsatira zambiri zofunika zakwaniritsidwa. Makamaka pa nthawi ya "Eighth Five-year Plan" ndi "Ninth Five-Year Plan", boma lidapereka chithandizo chofunikira pa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha othandizira madzi opangira madzi, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kwambiri kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo wamadzimadzi ndikupanga mndandanda. matekinoloje ndi zinthu zokhala ndi ufulu wodziyimira pawokha wazinthu zaluso.
Pakali pano, mankhwala athu ochizira madzi amaphatikizapo corrosion inhibitors, scale inhibitors, biocides ndi flocculants. Mwa iwo, ma corrosion inhibitors ndi ma scale inhibitors ali pafupi ndi mlingo wapamwamba wapadziko lonse wokhudzana ndi chitukuko cha zosiyanasiyana. Pakali pano, ma formulas a madzi okhazikika omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madzi ozizira ozungulira mafakitale amakhala ndi phosphorous-based, omwe amawerengera pafupifupi 52-58%, molybdenum-based formulas ndi 20%, silicon-based formulas ndi 5% -8%, ndipo ma formula opangidwa ndi tungsten amawerengera 5% %, mafomu ena amawerengera 5% ~ 10%. Lingaliro la chemistry yobiriwira ndikuwunikanso ntchito ndi magwiridwe antchito amankhwala omwe alipo kale. Pazinthu zomwe ntchito zake zimadziwika kale, kuwonongeka kwa biodegradability ndiye chizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri chowunika.
Ngakhale phosphorous-based corrosion and scale inhibitors, polyacrylic acid ndi ma polima ena ndi copolymer scale inhibitors omwe tsopano akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamsika apanga zotsogola paukadaulo woziziritsa madzi, atenga gawo lofunikira pakuthana ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa madzi. ndi anthu. imakhala ndi gawo lofunikira.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-01-2024
