Madzi onyansa a nsalu amakhala ndi madzi otayira okhala ndi zonyansa zachilengedwe, mafuta, wowuma ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimapangidwira pophika, kutsuka, kuthira mafuta, kuziyika, ndi zina zambiri. sizing, etc., ndipo lili ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu organic monga utoto, wowuma, mapadi, lignin, zotsukira, komanso inorganic zinthu monga alkali, sulfide, ndi mchere zosiyanasiyana, amene kwambiri kuipitsa.
Makhalidwe a kusindikiza ndi kudaya madzi oipa
Makampani osindikizira nsalu ndi opaka utoto ndiwotulutsa kwambiri madzi otayira m'mafakitale. Madzi otayira makamaka amakhala ndi dothi, mafuta, mchere pa ulusi wa nsalu, ndi slurries zosiyanasiyana, utoto, zowonjezera, zowonjezera, ma acid ndi ma alkali omwe amawonjezedwa panthawi yokonza.
Makhalidwe amadzi onyansa ndi okwera kwambiri a organic, mapangidwe ovuta, chromaticity yakuya ndi yosiyana, kusintha kwakukulu kwa pH, kusintha kwakukulu kwa madzi ndi khalidwe la madzi, ndipo n'zovuta kuchitira madzi onyansa a mafakitale. Pakukula kwa nsalu za ulusi wamankhwala, kukwera kwa silika wotsanzira komanso kusintha kwazomwe zimafunikira kusindikiza ndi kuyika utoto, zinthu zambiri zowoneka ngati PVA slurry, rayon alkaline hydrolyzate, utoto watsopano, ndi zowonjezera zalowa munsalu. kusindikiza ndi kudaya madzi oipa, zomwe zimabweretsa vuto lalikulu pamayendedwe achikhalidwe oyeretsera madzi oipa. Mlingo wa COD wawonjezekanso kuchokera mazana a milligrams pa lita imodzi kufika 3000-5000 mg/l.
Madzi otayira komanso opaka utoto amakhala ndi chroma yayikulu komanso COD yokwera, makamaka njira zosindikizira ndi zopaka utoto monga buluu wa mercerized, wakuda wa mercerized, buluu wowonjezera wakuda, komanso wakuda wowonjezera wakuda wopangidwa molingana ndi msika wakunja. Mtundu woterewu wosindikiza ndi utoto umagwiritsa ntchito utoto wambiri wa sulfure ndi kusindikiza ndi utoto wothandizira monga sodium sulfide. Choncho, madzi otayira amakhala ndi sulfide yambiri. Madzi otayira amtunduwu ayenera kukonzedwa kale ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndiyeno amapatsidwa chithandizo chosawerengeka kuti akwaniritse miyezo yotayira. Madzi otayira komanso opaka utoto amakhala ndi utoto, slurries, ma surfactants ndi zina zothandizira. Kuchuluka kwa madzi onyansa amtunduwu ndi kwakukulu, ndipo ndende ndi chromaticity zonse ndizochepa. Ngati chithandizo chakuthupi ndi mankhwala chikugwiritsidwa ntchito chokha, madzi otayira amakhalanso pakati pa 100 ndi 200 mg / l, ndipo chromaticity ikhoza kukwaniritsa zofunikira zotuluka, koma kuchuluka kwa kuipitsa kumawonjezeka kwambiri, mtengo wa mankhwala a sludge ndi wokwera, ndipo ndizo. zosavuta kuyambitsa yachiwiri kuipitsa. Pansi pa zofunikira zachitetezo chachilengedwe, njira yamankhwala a biochemical iyenera kuganiziridwa mokwanira. Njira zochiritsira zochiritsira zokhazikika zitha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamankhwala.
Njira yothandizira mankhwala
Coagulation njira
Pali makamaka njira yosakanikirana ya sedimentation ndi njira yosakanikirana yoyandama. Ma coagulant omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri amakhala mchere wa aluminiyamu kapena mchere wachitsulo. Mwa iwo, aluminium chloride yoyambira (PAC) imakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito abwinoko, ndipo mtengo wa ferrous sulfate ndi wotsika kwambiri. Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito polima coagulants kunja chikuwonjezeka, ndipo pali chizolowezi cholowa m'malo mwa coagulants, koma ku China, chifukwa chazifukwa zamtengo wapatali, kugwiritsa ntchito ma polima coagulants akadali osowa. Amanenedwa kuti ofooka anionic polymer coagulants ali ndi mitundu yambiri yogwiritsira ntchito. Ngati agwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi aluminium sulphate, amatha kuchita bwino. Ubwino waukulu wa njira yosakanikirana ndikuyenda kosavuta kwa njira, ntchito yabwino ndi kasamalidwe, ndalama zotsika mtengo, zotsika pang'ono, komanso kutulutsa bwino kwa utoto wa hydrophobic; kuipa ndi kukwera mtengo kwa ntchito, kuchuluka kwa sludge ndi kuvutikira kwa madzi m'thupi, komanso kusachita bwino kwamankhwala pa utoto wa hydrophilic.
Njira ya oxidation
Njira ya okosijeni ya ozoni imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kunja. Zima SV et al. anafotokozera mwachidule chitsanzo cha masamu cha ozone decolorization ya kusindikiza ndi kudaya madzi oipa. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti pamene mlingo wa ozoni uli 0.886gO3/g utoto, mlingo wa decolorization wa kuwala bulauni utoto wakuda madzi zinyalala kufika 80%; kafukufuku anapezanso kuti kuchuluka kwa ozoni chofunika ntchito mosalekeza ndi apamwamba kuposa chofunika ntchito pakapita nthawi, ndi unsembe wa partitions mu riyakitala akhoza kuchepetsa ozoni ndi 16,7%. Chifukwa chake, mukamagwiritsa ntchito ozone oxidation decolorization, ndikofunikira kupanga cholumikizira chapakatikati ndikuganizira kukhazikitsa magawo mmenemo. Njira ya ozoni oxidation imatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino za decolorization pamitundu yambiri, koma mawonekedwe a decolorization ndi abwino kwa utoto wosasungunuka wamadzi monga sulfide, kuchepetsa, ndi zokutira. Poyang'ana zochitika zogwirira ntchito ndi zotsatira za kunyumba ndi kunja, njirayi ili ndi zotsatira zabwino za decolorization, koma zimadya magetsi ambiri, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kulimbikitsa ndi kuzigwiritsira ntchito pamlingo waukulu. Njira ya photooxidation imakhala ndi mphamvu yochepetsetsa kwambiri pochizira kusindikiza ndi kudaya madzi onyansa, koma ndalama zogulira zida ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ziyenera kuchepetsedwa.
Njira ya electrolysis
Electrolysis imakhala ndi chithandizo chabwino pamankhwala osindikizira ndi kudaya madzi otayira okhala ndi utoto wa asidi, wokhala ndi decolorization ya 50% mpaka 70%, koma zotsatira zamankhwala pamadzi otayidwa okhala ndi mtundu wakuda ndi CODcr yayikulu ndizosauka. Kafukufuku wokhudza ma electrochemical amtundu wa utoto akuwonetsa kuti dongosolo la CODcr kuchotsa utoto wamitundu yosiyanasiyana pamankhwala a electrolytic ndi: utoto wa sulfure, utoto wochepetsera> utoto wa asidi, utoto wokhazikika> utoto wosalowerera, utoto wachindunji> utoto wa cationic, ndipo njira iyi ikulimbikitsidwa. ndi ntchito.
Ndi zizindikiro ziti zomwe zimayenera kuyesedwa pakusindikiza ndi kudaya madzi oyipa
1. Kuzindikira COD
COD ndiye chidule cha kufunikira kwa okosijeni wamankhwala pakusindikiza ndi kudaya madzi oyipa, omwe amawonetsa kuchuluka kwa okosijeni wamankhwala ofunikira pakuwola komanso kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zakuthupi ndi zachilengedwe m'madzi onyansa. Kuzindikira kwa COD kumatha kuwonetsa zomwe zili m'madzi otayidwa, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pozindikira zomwe zili mu organic posindikiza ndi kudaya madzi oipa.
2. Kuzindikira kwa BOD
BOD ndi chidule cha kufunikira kwa okosijeni wa biochemical, komwe kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya wofunikira pamene zinthu zamoyo zomwe zili m'madzi onyansa zimawola ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Kuzindikira kwa BOD kumatha kuwonetsa zomwe zili muzinthu za organic posindikiza ndi kudaya madzi oyipa omwe amatha kunyozedwa ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, ndikuwonetsetsa bwino zomwe zili m'madzi onyansa.
3. Kuzindikira kwa Chroma
Mtundu wa kusindikiza ndi kudaya madzi oipa uli ndi kukondoweza kwina kwa diso la munthu. Kuzindikira kwa chroma kumatha kuwonetsa mulingo wa chroma m'madzi otayidwa ndikukhala ndi cholinga chofotokozera kuchuluka kwa kuipitsidwa pakusindikiza ndi kudaya madzi oyipa.
4. pH mtengo kuzindikira
Phindu la pH ndi chizindikiro chofunikira chowonetsera acidity ndi alkalinity yamadzi oyipa. Kuchiza kwachilengedwe, pH mtengo umakhudza kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, pH iyenera kuyendetsedwa pakati pa 6.5-8.5. Kukwera kwambiri kapena kutsika kwambiri kumakhudza kukula ndi zochitika za kagayidwe kachakudya.
5. Kuzindikira kwa nayitrogeni wa ammonia
Ammonia nitrogen ndi chizindikiro chodziwika bwino pakusindikiza ndi kudaya madzi oyipa, komanso ndi chimodzi mwazofunikira za nayitrogeni. Zimapangidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa nayitrogeni wa organic ndi nayitrogeni kukhala ammonia mu kusindikiza ndi kudaya madzi oyipa. Kuchuluka kwa ammonia nayitrogeni kumabweretsa kudzikundikira kwa nayitrogeni m'madzi, zomwe ndizosavuta kuyambitsa eutrophication yamadzi.
6. Kuzindikira kwa phosphorous kwathunthu
Phosphorous yonse ndi mchere wofunikira kwambiri pakusindikiza ndi kudaya madzi oyipa. Kuchuluka kwa phosphorous kumabweretsa eutrophication ya matupi amadzi ndikukhudza thanzi lamadzi. Phosphorous yonse mu kusindikiza ndi kudaya madzi onyansa makamaka amachokera ku utoto, zothandizira ndi mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito posindikiza ndi kudaya.
Mwachidule, zisonyezo zowunikira kusindikiza ndi kudaya madzi oyipa makamaka zimaphimba COD, BOD, chromaticity, pH value, ammonia nitrogen, phosphorous okwana ndi zina. Pokhapokha poyesa mwatsatanetsatane zizindikirozi ndikuzisamalira moyenera m'pamene kuyipitsa kwamadzi osindikizira ndi kudaya madzi oipa kungawongoleredwe bwino.
Lianhua ndi wopanga yemwe ali ndi zaka 40 popanga zida zoyesera madzi. Imagwira ntchito popereka ma laboratoryCOD, ammonia nayitrogeni, phosphorous yonse, nayitrogeni yonse,BOD, zitsulo zolemera, zinthu zakuthupi ndi zida zina zoyesera. Zidazi zimatha kupanga zotsatira mwachangu, ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, komanso zimakhala ndi zotsatira zolondola. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani osiyanasiyana okhala ndi madzi otayira.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-24-2024
