Mgwirizano wa COD ndi BOD

Kulankhula za COD ndi BOD
M'mawu aukadaulo
COD imayimira Chemical Demand ya Oxygen Demand. Chemical Demand ya Oxygen Demand ndi chizindikiro chofunika kwambiri cha kuipitsidwa kwa madzi, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusonyeza kuchuluka kwa zinthu zochepetsera (makamaka organic matter) m'madzi. Muyezo wa COD umawerengeredwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma oxidants amphamvu (monga potassium dichromate kapena potaziyamu permanganate) poyezera zitsanzo za madzi pansi pamikhalidwe ina, ndipo kuchuluka kwa okosijeni komwe kumadyedwa kumatha kuwonetsa pang'ono kuchuluka kwa kuipitsidwa kwa zinthu zam'madzi m'madzi. Kukula kwa mtengo wa COD, m'pamenenso madzi amaipitsidwa kwambiri ndi zinthu zachilengedwe.
Njira zoyezera zomwe zimafunidwa ndi okosijeni wamankhwala makamaka zimaphatikizapo njira ya dichromate, njira ya potaziyamu permanganate ndi njira yatsopano yoyamwitsa ndi ultraviolet. Pakati pawo, njira ya potaziyamu ya dichromate ili ndi zotsatira zoyezera kwambiri ndipo ndi yoyenera pazochitika zomwe zimakhala zolondola kwambiri, monga kuyang'anira madzi onyansa a mafakitale; pamene njira ya potaziyamu permanganate ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, yotsika mtengo komanso yothandiza, ndipo ndi yoyenera madzi apamtunda, magwero a madzi ndi madzi akumwa. Kuwunika madzi.
Zifukwa zochulukirachulukira za okosijeni wamankhwala nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokhudzana ndi kutulutsa kwamafuta m'mafakitale, zimbudzi zamatawuni komanso ntchito zaulimi. Zinthu zakuthupi ndi zinthu zochepetsera zochokera ku magwerowa zimalowa m'madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma COD apitirire muyezo. Pofuna kuthana ndi COD yochulukirachulukira, njira zogwira mtima ziyenera kuchitidwa zochepetsera mpweya wochokera ku magwero oyipitsa ndi kulimbikitsa kuwononga madzi.
Mwachidule, kufunikira kwa okosijeni wamankhwala ndichizindikiro chofunikira chomwe chimawonetsa kuchuluka kwa kuipitsidwa kwa matupi amadzi. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zoyezera, titha kumvetsetsa kuipitsidwa kwa matupi amadzi ndikuchitaponso njira zochizira.
BOD imayimira Biochemical Oxygen Demand. Kufunika kwa okosijeni wa biochemical (BOD5) ndi chizindikiro chokwanira chosonyeza zomwe zimafunikira mpweya monga ma organic compounds m'madzi. Zinthu zomwe zili m'madzi zikakumana ndi mpweya, zimawola ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala m'madzi kapena mpweya. Kuyeza kwa kufunikira kwa okosijeni kwachilengedwe kumatengera kuchepa kwa okosijeni m'madzi pambuyo pochita kutentha kwina (20 ° C) kwa masiku angapo (nthawi zambiri masiku asanu).
Zifukwa za kuchuluka kwa okosijeni wa biochemical zingaphatikizepo kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zili m'madzi, zomwe zimawola ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndikudya mpweya wochuluka. Mwachitsanzo, madzi a m’mafakitale, aulimi, am’madzi, ndi zina zotero amafuna kuti mpweya wofunikira wa biochemical ukhale wosakwana 5mg/L, pamene madzi akumwa ayenera kukhala osakwana 1mg/L.
Njira zodziwikiratu za okosijeni zomwe zimafunikira kumaphatikizapo dilution ndi njira zokometsera, momwe kuchepetsa mpweya wosungunuka pambuyo pa chitsanzo cha madzi osungunuka kumayikidwa mu chofungatira chokhazikika cha kutentha kwa 20 ° C kwa masiku 5 ntchito kuwerengera BOD. Kuonjezera apo, chiŵerengero cha kufunikira kwa okosijeni wa biochemical ndi kufunidwa kwa okosijeni wa makemikolo(COD) kungasonyeze kuchuluka kwa zowononga zamoyo zomwe zili m'madzi zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiwole. Zowononga zachilengedwezi zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuwola zimawononga kwambiri chilengedwe.
Biochemical oxygen demand load (BOD load) imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kusonyeza kuchuluka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimakonzedwa pagawo lililonse la malo opangira madzi oyipa (monga zosefera zachilengedwe, akasinja aeration, ndi zina). Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa malo opangira madzi otayira komanso ntchito ndi kasamalidwe ka malowa. zinthu zofunika.
COD ndi BOD zili ndi chinthu chofanana, ndiye kuti, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chizindikiritso chokwanira kuti ziwonetsere zomwe zili m'madzi. Maganizo awo pa makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa zinthu organic ndi osiyana kotheratu.
COD: Mtundu wolimba mtima komanso wosadziletsa, nthawi zambiri umagwiritsa ntchito potaziyamu permanganate kapena potassium dichromate monga oxidant, wowonjezeredwa ndi kutentha kwambiri. Imatchera khutu ku njira yofulumira, yolondola komanso yopanda chifundo, ndipo imatulutsa zinthu zonse zamoyo mu nthawi yochepa kudzera mu spectrophotometry, dichromate Kuchuluka kwa okosijeni komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kumawerengedwa ndi njira zozindikiritsira monga njira, zomwe zimalembedwa ngati CODcr ndi CODmn malinga ndi zosiyana. okosijeni. Nthawi zambiri, potaziyamu dichromate imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza madzi onyansa. Mtengo wa COD womwe umatchulidwa nthawi zambiri ndi mtengo wa CODcr, ndipo potassium permanganate ndi Mtengo woyezera madzi akumwa ndi madzi apamtunda umatchedwa index permanganate, yomwenso ndi mtengo wa CODmn. Ziribe kanthu kuti ndi oxidant iti yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza COD, kuchuluka kwa COD kumapangitsa kuti madzi aipitsidwe kwambiri.
BOD: Mtundu wodekha. Pazifukwa zenizeni, tizilombo timadalira kuti tiwononge zinthu zowonongeka m'madzi kuti ziwerengetse kuchuluka kwa mpweya wosungunuka womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito muzochitika zamoyo. Samalani ndondomeko ya pang'onopang'ono. Mwachitsanzo, ngati nthawi ya biological oxidation ndi masiku 5, imalembedwa ngati masiku asanu a biochemical reaction. Kufuna kwa okosijeni (BOD5), mofanana ndi BOD10, BOD30, BOD imawonetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimatha kuwonongeka m'madzi. Poyerekeza ndi chiwawa makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa COD, n'kovuta kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti oxidize zinthu organic, kotero BOD mtengo akhoza kuonedwa ngati zimbudzi Kuchuluka kwa zinthu organic kuti akhoza biodegraded.
, yomwe ili ndi tanthauzo lofunikira pakuyeretsa zimbudzi, kudziyeretsa kwamadzi, ndi zina zotero.

COD ndi BOD ndizizindikiro za kuchuluka kwa zowononga zachilengedwe m'madzi. Malinga ndi chiŵerengero cha BOD5/COD, chizindikiro cha biodegradability ya zimbudzi chingapezeke:
Njirayi ndi: BOD5/COD=(1-α)×(K/V)
Pamene B/C>0.58, biodegradable kwathunthu
B/C=0.45-0.58 biodegradability yabwino
B/C=0.30-0.45 Biodegradable
0.1B/C＜0.1 Osawonongeka
BOD5/COD=0.3 nthawi zambiri imayikidwa ngati malire otsika a zinyalala zomwe zimatha kuwonongeka.
Lianhua imatha kusanthula mwachangu zotsatira za COD m'madzi mkati mwa mphindi 20, komanso imaperekanso ma reagents osiyanasiyana, monga ma reagents a ufa, ma reagents amadzimadzi ndi ma reagents opangidwa kale. Opaleshoniyo ndi yotetezeka komanso yosavuta, zotsatira zake zimakhala zofulumira komanso zolondola, kugwiritsa ntchito reagent kumakhala kochepa, ndipo kuipitsidwa ndi kochepa.
Lianhua angaperekenso zida zosiyanasiyana zodziwira za BOD, monga zida zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito njira ya biofilm kuti ziyese mofulumira BOD mu maminiti a 8, ndi BOD5, BOD7 ndi BOD30 zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito njira yoponderezedwa yopanda mercury, yomwe ili yoyenera kwa zochitika zosiyanasiyana zozindikiritsa.