Turbidity imatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa kutsekeka kwa njira yothetsera kuwala, komwe kumaphatikizapo kumwazikana kwa kuwala ndi zinthu zoyimitsidwa komanso kuyamwa kwa kuwala ndi ma molekyulu a solute. The turbidity wa madzi si okhudzana ndi zili zinthu inaimitsidwa m'madzi, komanso zokhudzana ndi kukula, mawonekedwe ndi refractive index. Chigawochi ndi NTU.
Kuwonongeka kwamadzi nthawi zambiri kumakhala koyenera kutsimikizira mtundu wamadzi amadzi achilengedwe, madzi akumwa ndi madzi am'mafakitale. Zinthu zolimba zotayidwa monga dothi, silt, zinthu zabwino zamoyo, zinthu zosakhala m'madzi, ndi plankton m'madzi zimatha kupangitsa kuti madzi asokonezeke komanso kupangitsa kuti pakhale chipwirikiti. Malinga ndi kusanthula kwa madzi, turbidity yopangidwa ndi 1 mg SiO2 m'madzi a 1L ndi gawo limodzi la Standard turbidity unit, lomwe limatchedwa 1 digiri. Nthawi zambiri, chipwirikiti chikakhala chokwera kwambiri, ndiye kuti njira yothetsera vutoli idzakhala yamtambo. Kuwongolera kwamadzi ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera madzi m'mafakitale komanso chizindikiro chofunikira chamadzi. Malinga ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana za madzi, pali zofunika zosiyanasiyana za turbidity. The turbidity madzi akumwa sayenera upambana 1NTU; turbidity ya madzi owonjezera kuti azizungulira madzi ozizira amayenera kukhala madigiri 2 mpaka 5; madzi okhudzidwa (madzi osaphika) opangira madzi a desalinated ndi turbid Mlingo wa turbidity uyenera kukhala wosakwana madigiri atatu; kupanga ulusi wopangidwa ndi anthu kumafuna kuti turbidity yamadzi ikhale yosachepera madigiri 0.3. Popeza kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga turbidity nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokhazikika komanso zokhala ndi zoyipa, sizingakhazikike popanda mankhwala. Pochiza madzi m'mafakitale, njira za coagulation, kuwunikira ndi kusefera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuti muchepetse chipwirikiti chamadzi.
Muyeso wa turbidity
Kuphulika kumatha kuyezanso ndi nephelometer. Nephelometer imatumiza kuwala kupyola mugawo lachitsanzo ndikuyesa kuchuluka kwa kuwala komwe kumamwazikana ndi tinthu tating'ono m'madzi pakona ya 90 ° kupita ku kuwala kwa chochitikacho. Njira yoyezera kuwala komwazika imeneyi imatchedwa njira yomwazikana. Chisokonezo chilichonse chenicheni chiyenera kuyezedwa motere. Meta ya turbidity ndiyoyenera kuyeza zonse zakumunda ndi zasayansi, komanso kuyang'anira mosalekeza usana ndi usiku.
Pali njira zitatu zodziwira turbidity: Formazin Nephelometric Units (FNU) mu ISO 7027, Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) mu USEPA Method 180.1 ndi Nephelometry mu HJ1075-2019. ISO 7027 ndi FNU amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Europe, pomwe NTU imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku United States ndi mayiko ena. ISO 7027 imapereka njira zodziwira matope mumtundu wamadzi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa tinthu toyimitsidwa pachitsanzo chamadzi poyesa kuwala kwa chochitika chomwe chamwazika pamakona olondola kuchokera pachitsanzocho. Kuwala kobalalika kumatengedwa ndi photodiode, yomwe imapanga chizindikiro chamagetsi, chomwe chimasinthidwa kukhala turbidity. HJ1075-2019 imaphatikiza njira za ISO7029 ndi 180.1, ndikutengera njira yodziwira mitengo iwiri. Poyerekeza ndi njira yodziwira mtengo umodzi, ndondomeko yazitsulo ziwiri imapangitsa kuti zikhale zolondola komanso zotsika kwambiri. Ndi bwino mu muyezo kusankha turbidimeter ndi chochitika kuwala kwa 400-600 nm kwa zitsanzo pansipa 10 NTU, ndi turbidimeter ndi chochitika kuwala kwa 860 nm±30 nm kwa zitsanzo achikuda. Kwa izi, Lianhua adapangaLH-NTU2M (V11). Chida chosinthidwacho chimatenga 90 ° kumwaza turbidimeter yokhala ndi kuyatsa koyera komanso ma infrared awiri. Pozindikira zitsanzo pansipa 10NTU, 400-600 nm kuwala gwero ntchito. Mukazindikira turbidity pamwamba pa 10NTU Pogwiritsa ntchito gwero la kuwala kwa 860nm, chizindikiritso chodziwikiratu, kusintha kwa mafunde amadzimadzi, mwanzeru komanso molondola.
1. EPA180.1 imaperekedwa ndi US Environmental Protection Agency. Imagwiritsa ntchito nyali ya tungsten ngati gwero lounikira ndipo ndiyoyenera kuyeza zitsanzo zotsika kwambiri monga madzi apampopi ndi madzi akumwa. Sikoyenera kwa zitsanzo zachikuda. Gwiritsani ntchito kutalika kwa 400-600nm.
2. ISO7027 ndi muyezo woperekedwa ndi International Organisation for Standardization. Kusiyana kwa EPA180.1 ndikuti ma nano-LED amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero la kuwala, ndipo ma photodetectors angapo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupewa zolakwika zoyesa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwa chromaticity ya madzi kapena kuwala kosokera. Wavelength 860±30nm.
3. HJ 1075-2019 imaperekedwa ndi Unduna wa Zachilengedwe ndi Zachilengedwe m'dziko langa, womwe umaphatikiza muyezo wa ISO7027 ndi muyezo wa EPA 180.1. Ndi 400-600nm ndi 860± 30nm wavelength. Kuchuluka ndi kutsika kwa matope kumatha kuzindikirika, madzi akumwa, madzi a mitsinje, madzi osambira, ndi madzi otayira amatha kuzindikirika.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-23-2023
