Madzi ndiye maziko amoyo wamoyo wapadziko lapansi.Madzi ndi omwe amafunikira kuti chilengedwe chiziyenda bwino padziko lapansi.Choncho, kuteteza madzi ndi udindo waukulu komanso wopatulika kwambiri wa anthu.Masiku ano, magwero amadzi ambiri ndi oipitsidwa, ndipo madzi abwino akucheperachepera.Makampani ambiri ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito kuyesa madzi.Lero, ndikudziwitsani mwatsatanetsatane.
1. Kugwirizana kwa thanzi la thupi ndi maganizo a anthu: Madzi akawonongeka, malinga ndi madzi akumwa kapena chakudya, zowononga zimalowa m'thupi, zomwe zimapangitsa anthu kukhala ovuta kapena poizoni.Arsenic, chromium, ammonium, benzene (A) , etc., angayambitsenso matenda a khansa.Madzi okhudzidwa ndi kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe cha matenda a virus kapena mabakiteriya ena angayambitse matenda osiyanasiyana opatsirana komanso matenda a parasitic.
2. Kuwonongeka kwa mafakitale opanga mafakitale: Pambuyo poipitsidwa ndi chilengedwe cha madzi, ndalama zomwe zimafunikira ziyenera kuyikidwa muzitsulo zotayira zimbudzi za mafakitale kuti zithetsere mtengo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta komanso zowonongeka, mphamvu ndi mphamvu.Maimidwe opanga.
3. Kuwonongeka kochuluka kwa zakudya: Nthawi zonse, mpweya umasungunuka m'madzi.Mpweya wa okosijeni siwofunika kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tipulumuke m'madzi, komanso kalembera wa okosijeni kuti achite nawo zochitika zosiyanasiyana za okosijeni m'madzi ndikulimbikitsa kusintha kwa zoipitsa.Ndilo chinsinsi chamadzi abwino achilengedwe.
Ndi chitukuko cha chitukuko cha chikhalidwe cha anthu, vuto la kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe likukulirakulira.Ndipo chiyambireni kukhazikitsidwa kwa ISO14000 mndandanda wazotsatira zazinthu, maiko padziko lonse lapansi ayamba nthawi yomweyo kuyang'ana ndi kutsimikizira, ndipo kuzindikira zachitetezo cha madzi kwakula kwambiri.
1. Kuzindikira madzi akutaya:KODI, BOD, ammonia, phosphorous okwana, nayitrogeni okwana, fluoride, sulfides, heavy ions, anion pamwamba yogwira ntchito, etc.
Industrial Production Wastewater (Chingerezi: Industral Wastewater) imakhala ndi madzi otayira komanso kupanga madzi otayira, omwe amatanthawuza madzi otayira ndi otayidwa chifukwa cha ntchito yonse yopanga mafakitale.M'menemo Zoipitsa zomwe zimayambitsa popanga.Madzi excreted popanga ndondomeko.
Malinga ndi thupi katundu wa kiyi zoipitsa mu mafakitale kupanga madzi oipa, iwo anawagawa: organic zinyalala wolamulidwa ndi zowononga organic, organic mankhwala zinyalala olamulidwa ndi organic zoipitsa, osakaniza madzi oipa, heavy metal munali organic mankhwala ndi mankhwala, ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo Zinyalala. madzi opitilira madzi anthawi zonse, madzi otayira okhala ndi zinthu zotulutsa ma radioactive, ndi madzi ozizira ozungulira omwe ali ndi chilengedwe cha kutentha.Mwachitsanzo, madzi otayira a electroplating process madzi oyipa ndi kupanga mchere ndi inorganic wastewater, and the wastewater of the food or oil processing process is organic chemical wastewater.
Malinga ndi zomwe mabizinesi amapangira katundu ndi kupanga ndi kukonza, zitha kugawidwa m'madzi otayidwa amakampani opanga mapepala, madzi onyansa a nsalu, madzi onyansa a toni, madzi onyansa a feteleza, madzi otayira m'mafakitale azitsulo, komanso madzi onyansa oyeretsera mafuta.
Zosakaniza zazikulu za zoipitsa m'madzi onyansa zitha kugawidwa m'madzi onyansa a pH, madzi onyansa amchere, phenol -okhala ndi madzi onyansa, chromium okhala ndi madzi onyansa, madzi onyansa a organic phosphorous, ndi madzi otayira a radioactive.
Madzi otayira okha omwe ali mumtundu wokhazikika pambuyo pokonza ndi kuzindikiridwa ndi madzi onyansa omwe amatha kutulutsidwa kumalo otchulidwa.Ndizoletsedwa kutulutsa mopitilira muyeso ndikuletsa kutulutsa kosaloledwa.
Chachiwiri, kudziwika kwa zovala, chakudya, zogona ndi zoyendera madzi zinyalala: pH mtengo, CODCR, NH3-N, TP, SS, mafuta akuda, nyama ndi zomera mafuta, etc.
Chachitatu, kudziwa madzi pamwamba: pH mtengo, NH3-N, TP, SS, kufunikira kwa okosijeni wa biochemical, etc.
Chilengedwe cha madzi oyambira pamwamba pa madzi ndi kukonza cholinga chonsecho chimagawidwa m'magulu asanu malinga ndi kutalika kwa ntchito.Mitundu isanu ya madzi a m'madera ozungulira madzi amagawidwa m'magulu asanu a polojekiti yatsopano ya ubwino wa pamwamba pa madzi.Mitundu iliyonse imagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wachibale wa mtengo wazisonyezo.Makhalidwe apamwamba omwe ali ndi mitundu yogwira ntchito kwambiri amakhudzidwa kwambiri kuposa mawonekedwe amadzimadzi okhala ndi mitundu yotsika yamadzi.M'madzi omwewo, pali mitundu ingapo ya ntchito zogwiritsira ntchito, ndipo zizindikiro zomwe zimagwirizana ndi mitundu yogwira ntchito kwambiri zimakhazikitsidwa.Kusunga ntchito zamadzi ndi mitundu yogwira ntchito ndi tanthauzo lomwelo.
Chachinayi, kuzindikira kwamadzi pamtunda: madzi oyera ndi chiwongolero chamagetsi, zitsulo zolemera zopitirira ma ion abwino, ndi zina zotero.
Ntchito yatsopano:
Aniline, formaldehyde yamkati, machulukitsidwe, zolimba zoyimitsidwa, mtengo wa pH,Kufunika kwa okosijeni wamasiku asanu (BOD5), permanganate index, CODcr, phosphorous okwana, polyphosphate, kloride, okwana arsenic, hexavalent chromium, okwana chromium, hydrogen cyanide, kosakhazikika phenol, nyama ndi masamba mafuta, cationic surfactant, chitsulo, manganese, faifi tambala, kosakhazikika phenol, kutentha, kusungunuka mpweya. okwana nayitrogeni, mkuwa, cadmium, nthaka, lead, etc.
Kufunika kozindikira mtundu wa madzi:
Chitetezo cha madzi otetezeka: Kuyang'anira ubwino wa madzi kumatha kupeza nthawi yake zowononga ndi zinthu zovulaza zomwe zikuwonekera m'magwero a madzi ndi mapaipi, kuteteza madzi kuti asaipitsidwe ndikuwonetsetsa kuti miyoyo ndi thanzi la nzika.
Kuyang'anira kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe: Malo owunikira madzi m'malo osiyanasiyana amayesedwa pazinthu zosiyanasiyana m'madzi amitundu yosiyanasiyana monga mitsinje ndi nyanja, ndikuwonetsa kuipitsidwa kwa madzi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha gwero la madzi, mafakitale, ndi moyo m'magwero amadzi. ulimi wamtunda, mafakitale, ndi moyo mu nthawi yake.
Zolosera za kusintha kwa magwero a madzi: Kudzera mukuwona momwe madzi alili, mutha kumvetsetsa momwe ukhondo uliri pano, chilengedwe komanso kuipitsidwa kwa zinthu zomwe zili m'madzi, ndiyeno kulosera momwe magwero amadzi amachitikira ndikuwongolera chitukuko ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka madzi.
Kuunikira ndi zotsatira za kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kabwino ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake kangathe bwanji kumvetsetsa zotsatira za kuipitsidwa ndi zotsatira zake.
Mwachidule, kuyan'anila za ubwino wa madzi, monga maziko a chitukuko ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka madzi, kumathandizira kwambiri pachitetezo cha chilengedwe, kukhathamiritsa ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zinthu, komanso moyo wabwino wa nzika.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-01-2023
